A one-semester general introduction to micro- and macroeconomics. Economic concepts include: opportunity costs, demand and supply, incentives, comparative advantage, inflation and employment policies, balance of international payments, and economic growth. CA 2.

Introduction to basic economic concepts and contemporary economic issues through their portrayal in motion pictures. CA 2.

Introduction to game theory. Applications in the natural and social sciences and technology may include electric power auctions, evolutionary biology, and elections. CA 2.

Same core of principles as ECON 1201 or 1202. One-half macroeconomics and one-half microeconomics. More demanding than ECON 1201 or 1202. Substitutes for ECON 1201 or 1202 as a prerequisite for all junior/senior level courses. May or may not substitute for ECON 1201 or 1202 outside economics; check Catalog. CA 2.

How the invisible hand of the market functions through the economic decisions of firms and individuals. How prices, wages and profits are determined, resources are allocated and income is distributed. Topical subjects (e.g., energy policy and health care). CA 2.

The organization and function of the economic system as a total unit. Economic decisions, institutions, and policies that determine levels and rates of growth of production, employment, and prices. Topical subjects (e.g., government budget deficits and current interest-rate policy). CA 2.

Special topics taken in a foreign study program.

Economic evolution of Europe from feudal times to the present, emphasizing the modern period: the rise of commerce, industry, and banking; the growth of population and the labor force; the changing position of agriculture; business fluctuations; and forms of economic organization. CA 1.

Economic evolution of Europe from feudal times to the present, emphasizing the modern period: the rise of commerce, industry, and banking; the growth of population and the labor force; the changing position of agriculture; business fluctuations; and forms of economic organization. CA 1.

Issues in American economic development, including the political economy of the Constitution, the economics of slavery, the rise of modern corporations and the causes of the Great Depression. CA 1.

Issues in American economic development, including the political economy of the Constitution, the economics of slavery, the rise of modern corporations and the causes of the Great Depression. CA 1.

Historical and comparative analysis of deep-rooted issues affecting modern societies. The evolution of societies and the origins of poverty, discrimination, conflict and war, income inequality, gender roles, and other challenging issues. CA 1.

Basic concepts in the economics and philosophy of law as a framework for discussing controversial social issues. Topics may include intellectual property rights, eminent domain, freedom of speech, and "repugnant" transactions like the sale of human organs. CA 1.

Special topics in economic history, the history of economic thought, the philosophy and methodology of economics, or alternative economic theories.

Intermediate microeconomic theory, covering demand and supply, exchange and production, pricing, and welfare economics.

Intermediate macroeconomic theory, covering national income accounting; the determination of aggregate output, employment and price levels; elements of business cycles and economic growth.

Intermediate microeconomic theory presented with calculus and other quantitative techniques. Demand and supply, exchange and production, pricing, and welfare economics.

Intermediate macroeconomic theory using quantitative techniques. Definition and measurement of major economic variables; business cycles; economic growth; labor supply; savings and production decision; the effect of government policies; and general equilibrium.

Application of mathematical techniques to economic problems. Methods studied: set theory, linear algebra, equilibrium analysis, unconstrained and constrained optimization, comparative statics, and linear programming.

Recommended for all students majoring in Economics. Introduction to the application of statistical methods for the estimation, testing, and prediction of economic relationships. Emphasizes ordinary least squares regression.

Topics may include endogeneity problems and instrumental variables, panel-data models, binary-choice models including probit and logit, and time-series econometrics.

Extensive use of computer spreadsheets to find efficient solutions to problems faced by managers in both the public and private sectors. Optimization of input and output mixes, of delivery routes, and communication networks.

The presentation of economic data and testing of economic theory through the use of appropriate computer based tools. Analysis of macroeconomics concepts such as the consumption function, influence of the money supply, budget deficits, and interest rates on macroeconomic equilibrium, and the tradeoff between unemployment and inflation. Analysis of microeconomic concepts such as demand, supply, elasticity, the achievement of equilibrium price and quantity, and analysis of several industries and the stock market. Analysis of historical data such as aggregate and specific price levels, sectoral shifts in the economy, and changes in income distribution.

The nature of money, the origins of monetary standards and systems, the development and operation of commercial banking, the Federal Reserve System, and international monetary agencies.

Interactions between the financial system and the real economy. The form and function of various financial markets and financial institutions Theories of interest rates. Theories of asymmetric information and transaction cost. The evolving role of the financial system in understanding key macroeconomic phenomena.

Critical issues in taxation and government expenditures. Emphasis on institutions and public policy. Topics include: rationale for and effects of progressive taxation, reform of the tax system, Social Security and Medicare, welfare reform, defense, and fiscal federalism.

Education, housing, anti-poverty, economic development, and transportation policies for American cities and metropolitan areas. Emphasis on different roles of policies that act upon people versus places. Analysis tools for regional economic development such as input-output matrices and cost-benefit analysis.

Analysis of economic integration in the global economy with emphasis on the position of the USA. Several specialist areas of economic thought brought to bear-economic history, economics of the multinational enterprise, international trade, international finance, labor economics, environmental economics, and economics of the internet. Institutional historical, and political economy approaches are emphasized.

Economics of labor: human capital theory, discrimination, unemployment, manpower policy, and trade unions.

Economics of labor: human capital theory, discrimination, unemployment, manpower policy, and trade unions.

Issues and problems confronting women and minorities in the workplace, using economic theory, institutional analysis, and empirical investigation. Historical background, allocation of time, discrimination, earnings determination, occupational structure, labor unions, and public policy.

Economic approaches to gender inequality in political representation, economic opportunities, access to education, and health.

Microeconomic principles applied to the business of sports. Player salaries; antitrust issues and collective bargaining; discrimination; economics of franchising; ticket pricing, revenue sharing, and competitive balance; impact of franchises on local economies.

Microeconomic principles applied to the business of sports. Player salaries; anti-trust issues and collective bargaining; discrimination; economics of franchising; ticket pricing, revenue sharing, and competitive balance; impact of franchises on local economies.

Basic principles of health economics, including the demand for health, health behaviors, public-health economics, and behavioral health economics, applied to five topics: smoking, obesity, opioid and other drug addictions, depression, and infectious diseases.

Analysis of poverty and income maintenance programs: theories of income distribution and comparison of public policies in the U.S. and other countries.

(Also offered as MAST 2467E.) Economies of industries that use and manage ocean resources. Applications of industrial organization, law and economics, natural resource theory, and environmental economics.

(Also offered as LLAS 2474.) Survey of the economic history of Latin America and the Caribbean. Analysis of present-day development issues in the region, including economic growth, poverty, education, and health.

Economic transition of these formerly socialist economies into capitalist, market economies. Comparison of centrally planned and market economies. Problems of macroeconomic imbalance, economic distortions, shortages and repressed inflation. Means and timing of price liberalization, privatization, restructuring, currency convertibility, and building legal and financial institutions.

Supervised fieldwork relevant to some area of economics, with a business firm, government agency or non-profit organization. Evaluation by the field supervisor and by the instructor (based on a detailed written report submitted by the student). Students taking this course will be assigned a final grade of S (satisfactory) or U (unsatisfactory.) Does not count toward the economics major. Students must secure a satisfactory intern position before the end of the second week of the semester of enrollment in this course; they should begin consultation with the instructor several months in advance.

Research paper of 3,000-4,000 words on approved topic related to the internship field study.

Research paper of 3,000-4,000 words on approved topic related to the internship field study.

Special topics taken in a foreign study program. Consent of Department Head required, prior to the student's departure. May count toward the major with consent of the advisor.

Tutorial course to enable qualified students to round out their training in economics. Independent reading conferences and short research papers. No more than six credits of ECON 2499/3499 may be counted toward major requirements.

Techniques for, and practice in, research, writing, citation, and data presentation in economics.

Historical and comparative analysis of deep-rooted issues affecting modern societies. The evolution of societies and the origins of poverty, discrimination, conflict and war, income inequality, gender roles, and other challenging issues.

Analysis of economic situations as games. Nash equilibrium, backward induction, auctions, commitment, credibility, and asymmetric information.

Overview of the field of behavioral economics, the intersection between economics and psychology. Behavioral models of individual decision-making, with particular focus on intertemporal choice, decisions under uncertainty, and probabilistic judgments and learning. Applications to fields such as development economics and health economics.

Analysis and modeling of strategic interaction, with a focus on the strategic challenges of blockchains. Topics include identification of strategic issues in using blockchains, choice of correct tools of analysis, formal modeling of interaction, and design of governance algorithms.

Economic forecasting for macroeconomics and financial economics. Econometric analysis of time-series data.

Introduction to the mathematics of finance. Theoretical reasoning (proofs), modeling, useful simplifying approximations, and computing. Students will write basic programs in R.

Machine learning techniques and causal inference. Applications to economic data.

Standard panel data models with an emphasis on determining when causal relationships can be inferred from panel data.

Basics of R programming. Objects, data structures, logical design, functions. Applications to matrix algebra, optimization, data visualization, and econometric analysis.

Introduction to Python. Code structure; control flow; data input/output in various formats; testing and debugging.

Basic principles used in investment decisions and their applications to pricing financial assets and to portfolio management. Asset pricing models including the Capital Asset Pricing Model and Arbitrage Pricing Theory. Fixed-income securities. Options and futures.

Emphasis on public policy: commercial bank regulations; the relation of liquidity to economic fluctuations; government lending agencies; and central bank policies and credit control.

Economic basis of international trade, trade policies, and international economic organizations.

Payments and financing of international trade: foreign exchange markets, the balance of payments, capital flows, and international monetary arrangements.

The role of the government in the economy. Topics may include: government policies relating to environmental protection, healthcare, social security, and education; public choice theory; fiscal policy, finance, and taxation.

The role of the government in the economy. Topics may include: government policies relating to environmental protection, healthcare, social security, and education; public choice theory; fiscal policy, finance, and taxation.

Current issues of government economic policy, primarily microeconomic: energy, income maintenance, labor markets for minorities and women, government regulation, health care, and others.

Current issues of government economic policy, primarily microeconomic: energy, income maintenance, labor markets for minorities and women, government regulation, health care, and others.

(Also offered as URBN 3439.) Economic problems of cities and regions: urban markets for land, labor, and housing; location decisions of businesses and households; metropolitan transportation problems; urban/suburban fiscal relations; urban and regional environmental quality; and the economics of crime.

Theoretical analysis of labor markets: labor supply and demand; wage differentials; human capital; and the inflation-unemployment tradeoff.

Economic analysis of the health sector: organization and performance of health care delivery systems; economic behavior of patients and providers; markets for health services; health-care finance and insurance; health-care policy; and cost-benefit analysis of health-care programs.

Examination of health issues in developing countries from the standpoint of applied microeconomic research. Emphasis on the analysis of real-world data.

The nature of competition and economic organization. Competitive effects of business practices, and their influence on price, production, and technological change.

Application of economic reasoning to environmental issues. Topics include air and water pollution and the management of natural resources; market failure and environmental regulation; market-based mechanisms; cost-benefit analysis, environmental valuation, and program evaluation; environmental justice from an economic perspective.

The law as an economic institution. Primary focus on the Common Law, property, tort, and contract. Applications to pollution control, land-use, hazardous wastes, product liability, and worker safety. Ethical as well as economic approaches to the law.

Economics of problems facing developing nations: theories of development, and stategies and policies to promote economic development.

Economics of problems facing developing nations: theories of development, and strategies and policies to promote economic development.

Causes and consequences of economic growth examined through theory, data, and economic history. Interactions between economic growth and population growth, technology, education, health and life expectancy, and social institutions. Public policies to promote growth.

A maximum of six credits may be counted toward the major.

Special topics taken in a foreign study program. Consent of Department Head required, prior to the student's departure. May count toward the major with consent of the advisor.

Tutorial course to enable qualified students to round out their training in economics. Independent reading conferences and short research papers. No more than six credits in ECON 2499/3499 may be counted toward major requirements.

Designing incentives to encourage an intended result. Applications may include public goods provision; two-sided matching, as in labor and marriage markets; and peer evaluation of performance.

Methods of convex optimization, including linear, quadratic, and general constrained and unconstrained problems. Applications, using Python, in economics and finance.

Resource allocation decisions in complex organizations formulated as standard mathematical optimization problems that can be solved using Excel. Focus on the interface between Neoclassical Production Economics and Operations Research for performance evaluation by benchmarking.

Special topics in micro - and macroeconomic theory, applications, and testing. Recommended for capable students who are motivated to develop and extend their knowledge of economics in creative ways. Required for Honors Scholars in Economics and Economics Scholars.

The student should define a general subject area for the thesis before choosing a thesis advisor and seeking consent at the time of registration. The student should then submit a written proposal for the senior thesis to the advisor by the end of the semester preceding enrollment for thesis credit.